This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade.
Figure 10 reveals that many cellular network operators in the world have still not shifted toward green cellular BS. Most of these operators are located in developing countries with limited electricity supply and unreliable electric grids. The financial issues in these countries must be investigated further. 4.5.
GSMA predicted that the number of green BSs would increase to 389,800 by 2020 [ 8 ], which reflects the growing awareness of cellular network operators about the significant economic and ecological influence of their networks in the coming years. Figure 10. Worldwide deployment of green cellular BSs [ 107 ].
Cellular network operators attempt to shift toward green practices using two main approaches. The first approach uses energy-efficient hardware to reduce the energy consumption of BSs at the equipment level and adopts economic power sources to feed these stations.
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Base station (BS) sleeping is one of the emerging solutions for energy saving in cellular networks. It saves energy by selectively switching under-uti…
Green network aims to promote the sustainable development of communication systems, and base station (BS) and cells sleeping has been proven effective in reducing the …
Abstract Base station (BS) sleeping is one of the emerging solutions for energy saving in cellular networks. It saves energy by selectively switching under-utilized BSs to a low …
Designing green cellular networks, especially green base stations, is a recent hot research topic. There are at least two mainstream approaches. With the development of smart …
This paper develops a method to consider the multi-objective cooperative optimization operation of 5G communication base stations and Active Distribution Network (ADN) and constructs a …
A novel genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the ON/OFF status of base stations with fast coverage estimation, in which the scaling and selection operators are carefully designed to …
In this paper, we propose a novel probability aware genetic algorithm for base station ON/OFF strategy in green communications. Our contributions mainly lie in two folds. …
Dynamic Base Station Operation in Large-Scale Green Cellular Networks Yue Ling Che, Lingjie Duan, and Rui Zhang Abstract In this paper, to minimize the on-grid energy cost …
Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular …
The green base station solution involves base station system architecture, base station form, power saving technologies, and application of green technologies. Using SDR …
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